Determination of plant regeneration and genetic stability by somatic embryogenesis in azman and grand naine banana cultures

Bananas are one of the most important fruit groups with the highest export and import volume in the tropical and subtropical climate zones of the world. Propagation of banana plant by somatic embryogenesis method in in vitro conditions is important in terms of clonal and mass production. This study is aimed at plant regeneration by the somatic embryogenesis method by using immature female and male flower buds of 'Azman' and 'Grand Naine' banana cultivars, which are widely grown in our country, and to determine their genetic stability with SSR marker systems. In vitro regeneration attempts to induct the development of the callus and obtain a somatic embryo in an MS nutrient environment including different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators 2,4-D (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L), BAP (0,05 mg/L), and Pikloram (0.5, 1.0 mg/L). In this experiment, CL-1-2 (79,33%) medium for the 'Azman' variety and CL-1-3 (77,15%) medium for the 'Grand Naine' variety were found to be successful. During the study, histological analysis and the presence and development of somatic embryos were detected. As a result of the study, embryos formed in MS nutrient media containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D (65%) for the 'Azman' variety and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D (62,5%) for the 'Grand Naine' variety, the plant was transformed. Banana plants obtained at the end of the thesis study were transferred to the greenhouse. As a result of DNA analysis with SSR markers, it was determined that there was no genetic variation in plants that developed with the germination of somatic embryos.