Humayun Period in Babur State

Humayun, the second ruler of the Mughal Empire, ascended the throne in 1530. He had to deal with the Afghans in the eastern provinces of the empire and his brothers in the first years of his reign. Humayun, who had defeated strong opponent Afgan Shir Shah Suri twice in 1539 and 1540 could not hold in India and took refuge in İran. With this incident, the Mughal dominance in India had been interrupted for 15 years and the Afghan Sūr State had dominated this geography. Humayun, who wanted to regain the throne, settled in the Afghanistan region with the support he received from the Safavids and concluded with victory his struggle with his brother Kamran. Humayun's return to India takes place in 1555 with great efforts by talented officers such as Bayram Khan and the dividedness between of the Afghans. At the end of this struggle Humayun lost his life after a year when the Mughal Empire was being re-established. This study examined the political, social, economic and cultural aspects of the Mughal Empire during the Humayun period and the struggle of the Mughals in order to be permanent in India. In this context, it is emphasized to what extent Humayun is responsible for the emergence of troubles during the reign of his and to study the extent of the importance and function of the alliance he has with Shah Tahmasb. We will also see how important the role of Bayram Khan in the Mughal Empire's re-establishment. In our study, besides the main sources of the Humayun period, local and foreign research works have been investigated. Within the scope of the information we obtained, while the successful and unsuccessful sides of Humayun were revealed, the organizational structure and cultural activities of the period were examined.