Human types in the context of verses 1 and 20 of Surah al-Baqarah

This study investigates how the Qur'an classifies the human being through a faith-based perspective. It is grounded in the understanding that the Qur'an does not depict the human merely as a biological or social entity, but rather as a moral and intellectual identity shaped by belief. Within this framework, the concepts of believer (mu'min), hypocrite (munāfiq), polytheist (mushrik), and disbeliever (kāfir) are examined according to the typology outlined by the Qur'anic narrative. Verses 1–20 of Sūrat al-Baqarah serve as the primary textual basis for identifying both the faith-related and characterological features of these human types. The findings indicate that the ideal human model is represented by the believer, whereas hypocrisy embodies duplicity and insincerity, disbelief reflects a personality grounded in denial, and polytheism denotes a deviation rooted in associating partners with God. Thus, the study demonstrates that the Qur'anic faith-based human typology is not merely a theoretical categorization, but also a significant criterion shaping moral and social life.