The effect of bacteriophages on Salmonella spp, and Salmonella biofilms which were isolated from some food and clinical samples

Salmonella and Salmonella biofilms cause gastrointestinal disturbances in the food sector and clinics worldwide. In recent years, antibiotics and disinfectants have not been effective against pathogens and their biofilm structures. Therefore, new methods of struggle, such as bacteriophage therapy, are introduced. In this study, Salmonella spp. and 191 food samples to investigate the effect on Salmonella biofilms (24 chicken meat, 63 fish meat, 22 red meat, 72 peanuts and 10 various vegetables), all food taken from 37 food enterprises and equipment surface samples, 9 water samples (seyhan river, seyhan lake, irrigation canal, sewage water and milk processing wastewater) and 43 gallstones and 25 dental samples were examined as clinical samples. In this study, phages isolated from 4 water samples and Salmonellex ™ phage obtained from Holland were used as bacteriophage. As a result, a total of 51 Salmonella spp isolates were obtained in 12 of the 37 food operating surfaces, 22 of the 24 chicken meat, 12 of 22 red meat, 3 of 9 water samples and 2 of 25 tooth samples. When the suspected Salmonella spp isolates were confirmed by PCR and API 20E assay, 48 isolates were identified as Salmonella spp. Isolation from only 4 of the 8 water samples analyzed for Salmonella bacteriophage isolation was performed. These isolated phages were evaluated by cell morphology and PFGE by TEM. PSCs1, PSDs1, PSSr1 and PSMc1 were coded as Miyoviridae family, PSCs2 was determined to belong to Siphoviridae family. In addition, the content of the commercially used Salmonellex ™ phage preparation revealed two different bacteriophages from the Miyoviridae family. In the microplate, on the gallstone, on the steel surface and in the dental samples the biofilms were generated from the reference strain, with the selected 5 Salmonella spp which were isolated from the analyzed samples. When examined the effect of Salmonellex™ phage, and isolated phages on the Salmonella biofilm in microplates,PSDs1 bacteriophage showed the highest effect at a titer of 1011 PFU / mL,as 65.6%. In the phage titre of 1011 PFU / mL of all 6 phages used in the study were found to effect the biofilms which were generated on gallstones, on dental samples, and on steel surface. In this study, it was determined that other Salmonella bacteriophages, including the commercial Salmonella phage preparation, limited effect, or had no effect on for all Salmonella species and subspecies and that cocktails containing different Salmonella phages were required to be diversified.