Bardarash ilçesinde nüfus artışı ve dağılışının coğrafi analizi

Population growth and distribution are influenced by factors such as birth and death rates, migration, and geographical factors, which affect the number of individuals in a region or country. Since the establishment of Iraq in 1921, seven censuses have been conducted, with the most recent one in 1997. Population growth and spatial allocation are crucial for understanding social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Before 2006, it was a sub-district of Akre district, but Bardarash separated to become a district like other districts in Iraq. Bardarash has undergone significant changes in population dynamics due to natural factors such as birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. In 1997, the population of the sub-district was 47,564, and by 2009, the district's population reached 116,700. In 2015, a camp was established to house internally displaced Iraqis due to ISIS, and the number of displaced persons increased to 11,000. As of June 2021, the remaining camp population was 3,541. The geographical location is critical for studying the area, affecting population distribution and economic activities. Bardarash district is located in Duhok Governorate, an important site, between latitudes 36.9.0 to 36.42 North and longitudes 43.24.0 to 43.54.0 East. Its location along a trade route and agricultural area has attracted population growth. From 1957 to 2006, the population size in Duhok and surrounding areas naturally increased, with the first official census in 1957 accounting for 7.5% of the total population of the governorate. The 1987 census showed that Bardarash's population was 8.6% of Duhok Governorate's total population. However, population growth slowed after the 1991 Kurdish uprising against the Ba'ath government due to economic conditions, and Bardarash's representation remained at 8.8% until 2004. From 2004 to 2009, Bardarash experienced rapid population growth of 10.4% annually, increasing its share to 9.9% of the total population of Duhok Governorate. This change was due to administrative reforms, such as the reclassification of the villages of Darato and Rovia as sub-districts, and the influx of refugees after the collapse of the Ba'ath regime. However, in 2020, Bardarash's population decreased by 9.5% compared to the total population of Duhok Governorate, and the annual population growth slowed to a normal rate of 2.9%. These changes highlight the interconnection between administrative governance, socio-economic progress, and demographic dynamics. The rural population significantly decreased between 1987 and 2009. In 2009 the urban population constituted 33.4% of the total population of the study area, a high rate compared to previous years, with an annual growth rate of 34.2% due to political, economic, and service factors . By 2020 the urban population rose to 46.7% while the rural population of the study area constituted 53.3% of the total population of the district, despite political instability and economic challenges. with the arrival of ISIS affecting the decline, especially in the villages of Kalak sub-district. Population distribution and patterns in the study area are influenced by natural and human factors like other regions, with varying degrees of impact across areas and countries. Keywords: Population growth, Distribution, Factors, Geography.