Investigation of contact sensitization in patients with oral mucosa lesions in Western Black Sea region

In this prospective study, patch test results of 100 patients with oral mucosa lesions, who were tested with Dental Screening Series were evaluated. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of positive reactions to different sensitizers in patients with oral mucosa lesions, and to identify sex and age differences and searching affects of cheek biting and smoking on sensitization. We evaluated a total of 100 patients (67 female and 33 male) who applied to our clinic between the period of September 2012 and March 2012 and who were tested with dental screening patch test which was consisiting of 30 allergen. 52 of the patients had recurrant apthous stomatit, 28 of them had oral lichen planus, 14 of them had burning mouth syndrome, 5 of them had burning mouth syndrome, 1 of them had leukoplakia. Patch test results were assessed according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). A total of 46 (%46) patients had one or more positive patch test reactions. The most common allergens were copper sulfate (%18) followed by gold (I) sodium thiosulfate dihydrate (%14), cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (%13), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (%12), mercury (%6), palldium chloride (%5), potassium dichromate (%4), methylhydroquinone (%3), 1.6 hexandiol diacrilate (%2). No positive reactios obtained to methyl methacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2-bis(4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane (BIS-GMA), N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine, 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 1,4-Butanedioldimethacrylate, 2,2-bis(4-Methacryloxy)phenyl propane, aluminumchloride hexahydrate, camphoroquinone, 2(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)benzotriazol (tinuvin P) and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate in any case. Frequency of contact allergy to 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate, eugenol, colophony, N-Ethyl-4-toluenesulfonamide, formaldehyde, 4-Tolyldiethanolamine, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and tin were realtively low. Positive reactions to common allergens were more common among women, especially those in middle aged group. There were no statistically significant difference between smokers and non smokers in terms of positive or negative reactions (p=0.716). Similarly there were no statistically significant difference between patients who bit their cheek and who didn't bite their cheek in terms of patch test results (p=0.902). Our results showed that; cheek biting and smoking don't affect the sensitization. According to us for finding the etiology of oral mucosal lesions, dental screening patch test should be done to determine the contact sensitization, and if there is clinical correlation, oral material exchange should be recomended. Allergen avoidance will be the first step of treatment. This investigation showed that the sensitization to copper, gold, cobalt, nickel and mercury is high. Sensitization is higher in women than men. Multicenter prospective studies which will have higher number of cases will show better the adequacy of dental screening patch test in our country. Key Words: Oral mucosa lesions, Dental Screening patch test