Comparison of reaction wood of some tree speciesses in therms of anatomical, chemical, optical and fiber morphologies

Kastamonu province of the Western Black Sea region, which is one of the richest regions of our country in terms of forest assets, is important for the forest industry and raw material production. Reaction wood, which has an important place among wood defects, causes some physical, chemical, mechanical, anatomical and optical differences in coniferous and decideous species. Black pine (Pinus nigra), Relacted Oak (Quercus robur), Eastern Beech (Fagus orientalis) and Uludağ Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana) naturally distributed in Kastamonu, comparative analyzed. Chemical, anatomical, fiber morphology and wood optical properties of the samples taken from the stems of tree were performed. While holocellulose solubility of Black Pine and Uludağ Fir species decreased in compressione wood, their lignin content increased. It was determined that the decrease in holocellulose solubility was around 3-4%. The increase in lignin content was 34% in Black Pine and 12% in Uludağ Fir. On the other hand, the holocellulose solubility of the tension woods of the studied deciduous species was high and the lignin content was low. The increase in holocellulose solubility decreased by 1% in Reacted Oak and 4% in Eastern Beech, and lignin contents decreased by 6% in Reacted Oak and 15% in Eastern Beech tension woods. Tracheid cells were observed to be longer than the compression woods in the opposite woods of the studied coniferous trees (approximately 17% in Uludağ Fir; 13% in Black Pine). It was determined that the fibers of the studied deciduous trees were longer than the opposite woods in the tension woods. It was determined that the width of the early and late woods was higher in the pressure wood of Black Pine and Uludağ Fir and the opposite wood of the Reacted Oak and Eastern Beech species. In coniferous trees, the color difference in wet and oven-dry state is greatest in compression woods; It has been determined that it is found in deciduous speciesses woods. Some differences were observed in the anatomical structures, fiber, optical and chemical properties of the reaction and counterwood of the studied species. It is not recommended to use compression woods as a carrier elements as the high lignin content and low polysaccharide content will cause low mechanical properties, but due to the absorption and swelling will be low, as well as small household and hand tools ornamental woods, utensils, toys etc. It is considered that it will be more suitable for turning and milling works. In addition, it is suggested that it would be more appropriate to evalute the tension woods with high polysaccharide ratios and lower lignin contect for the areas of use where high mechanical resistance values are required and for the production of cellulose and paper.