The effects of some pesticides on predator and parasitoids which are important in greenhouses

The one of the implementation methods of biological control is insecticide selection which is no harmful or less toxic to beneficial insect and it's surrounded environment. One of the alternative methods for this chemical control is the biological control and applied pesticide which no or less harmful the natural enemies and they are the basic principles of the integrated pest management practices. The aim of the thesis is to gather the basic information about pesticide selection in greenhouses which is IPM control methods undertaken, by bring out the basic information via learning side effects of some pesticides frequently applied on some predator and parasitoids commonly used in greenhouse. In this study, totally five biological control agent were used which are Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Eretmocerus mundus, Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). In this context, side effects of 8 plant protection products: spinosad SC 480g/l, pyriproxyfen EC 100g/l, abamectin EC 18g/l, emamectin benzoate SG 50g/kg, copperoxychloride WP 50%, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid SC 100g + 200g/kg, dimethoate EC 400g/l and propineb+cymoxanil WP 70% + 6% were evaluated against five natural enemies under IOBC guidelines. Side effects of pesticides with abamectin and spinosad active ingredients on A. colemani, E. mundus, O. laevigatus, N. tenuis and A. swirskii which are important with regards to biological control in greenhouses were determined moderately and high level under laboratory (67-100%) and greenhouse conditions (52.7-100%). As for insecticide with emamectin benzoate active ingredient, it was moderately toxic (41.7-78.5%) in laboratory conditions and less toxic (35-44.9%) in greenhouse conditions. Pyriproxyfen from insecticides and fungicides, including kresoxim-methyl+boscalid, copper oxychloride and cymoxanil+propineb were low toxics in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions (2.8-32.2%).