Production of callus cultures by some medicinal plants and determination of antimicrobial effect and biochemical properties of these cultures

Antibiotics obtained by synthetic methods have begun to be insufficient in treatment with the development of microorganism resistance, this situation has increased the number of studies with medicinal plants. However, seasonal changes, the chemical structure of the soil and the growing conditions of the plant are not suitable for obtaining a stable product. Callus culture allows to obtain disease-free, seasonally independent, maximum efficient and standard products in optimum conditions. For this purpose, callus cultures of R. officinalis, L. dentata and S. officinalis plants were made by using plant growth regulators in different combinations, and the antimicrobial effects of plants and calluses on some pathogenic microorganisms were determined by agar diffusion and MIC methods. It was determined that the zone diameters of R.officinalis ranged from 0-11.2 mm, in callus extracts 0-13.9 mm, MIC value varied in the range of 500-1000 µL, and in calluses 62.5-1000 µL. It was recorded that the inhibition diameters ranged from 0-13.84 mm in L. dentata, 0-18.22 mm in calluses, MIC values are changed between 500-1000 µL, and 31.25-1000 µL in callus extracts. Zone diameters of S.officinalis were ranged from 0-12.8 mm, 0-16.8 mm in calluses, MIC value was between 250-1000 and 31.25-1000 µL in callus extracts. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity analysis was applied to determine the antioxidant capacity of research plants and their calluses. It was determined that, 20.33 mmol/TEAC in R.officinalis, 5.46-9.16 mmol/g TEAC in calluses, 18.91 mmol/TEAC in L.dentata, 4.37-9.24 mmol/g TEAC in callus extracts, 14.50 mmol/g TEAC in S.officinalis and 6.26-9.41 mmol/g TEAC in calluses. Total phenolic content of plants and callus samples was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. The amount of phenolic substance in R.officinalis is 71.56 mg/GAE, in callus extracts 11.93-51.69 mg/GAE, in L.dentata 21.28 mg/GAE, in calluses 45.54-67.83 mg/ GAE, 70.14 mg/GAE in S.officinalis and 44.76-87.39 mg/GAE in calluses. The total amount of flavonoid substances in the research plants and calluses was determined by the AlCl3 colorometric method. Fatty acid and vitamin analysis were performed on plants and callus samples with HPLC and GC devices.