Beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği 1980-2013

The effect of human capital on economic growth has widely acknowledged by the endogenous growth theory. The relationship between human capital and economic growth is analyzed for Turkey between 1980 and 2013 in this thesis by using time series analysis. Gross domestic product (GDP) per labor is chosen as the dependent variable. Capital stock per labor and human capital index are used as the independent variables. The number of students in primary education (primary and secondary school), high school (general and vocational high school) and higher education (university), high school (general and vocational high school) enrollment rate and higher education (university) enrollment rate, public spending on health as a share of gross domestic product (GDP), total spending on health as a share of gross domestic product (GDP), life expectancy at birth, the number of health institution per person, the number of bed in hospitals per person, the number of healthcare personnel (physicians, dentists, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, health officers) per person, the number of newspaper per person, the number of library per person, the number of book per person, telephone line per person are selected as components of human capital. Education, health and socio-cultural indices are constructed and then they are aggregated by unweighted average in order to obtain human capital index. Unit root test is used to determine stationarity levels of the variables. The long-run relationship amongst the variables is examined by Johansen cointegration test. A growth model is estimated by Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) by using annual data from 1980 to 2013. As a result of the econometric analysis, the long-run relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) per labor, capital stock per labor and human capital index in Turkey between the years 1980 and 2013 is determined. The estimated model by GMM reveals that capital stock per labor and human capital index significantly and positively affect gross domestic product (GDP) per labor. The results also find out that the effect of capital stock per labor on gross domestic product (GDP) per labor is higher than the effect of human capital index.