The role of the educational systems in the development of human capital: Turkey, South Korea and Germany examples

The concept of human capital, which forms the basis of economic growth, is used to express all the concepts such as knowledge, skills, abilities, health status, place in social relations and education level of an individual or a society. In the process of economic growth, the fact that countries place human capital investments, especially the education element from these investments, on their foundations has a significant share in development processes. Developing countries, in particular, make the most use of this share. In this study, the relationship between education, which is human capital investment, and the economic development of countries is examined. It also focuses on the extent on what level and how this relationship has been processed in developed and developing countries through various practices. Economic growth is the most fundamental element of competition in the global world. The aim of this study from this point of view is, by taking into consideration the education investment dimension of human capital which is the primary necessity of economic growth in countries, to examine the educational implementation outcomes of a developing, a recently developed and a developed-for years countries and to show the role of education in the development of such countries. Education, with the skills it provides, is the determinant of the income that people will earn during their lives, but it also provides fair income, equal rights, political stability and social solidarity for individual and country development. In this regard, this study is important for examining the development of individuals and countries within the scope of human capital. In this study, the relationship between education, which is a human capital investment and economic development, has been evaluated in the light of the literature review. Various articles and theses about the concept of human capital and educational applications have been utilized. Particularly, foreign sources were utilized in the field of education and education-based country development practices about Germany and South Korea. The study's main objective is to understand how and what scope the investment in education is implemented and applied in Turkey, Germany and South Korea. In this context, systematic (about education) applications were examined to evaluate the results of this investment. And various statiscial reports were examined to evalute its impact on economic development. As a result of the study; in general, a positive significant relationship was found between human capital and economic development. It has been determined that countries are equipped and engaged in researh and development, technology and innovation activities in order to improve production at the rate of their investment in education. It is seen that developed countries such as South Korea and Germany, which are successful in these activities, have higher employment power and can identify and channel potential areas for the development of their countries' economy through these activities. In developing countries such as Turkey, needs to bring the educational systems and applications in a much better position. Particularly, in order to provide adaptation to the information society we are presently in, the individuals forming the society should be educated as more knowledgeable and qualified.