The effect of building integrated fixed photovoltaic shading system on building energy performance

The ever-increasing global demand for energy, the rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources, and rising environmental concerns due to climate change have brought energy efficiency and renewable energy integration in buildings to the forefront. This study comprehensively investigates the impact of a building-integrated fixed photovoltaic (PV) shading system on the energy performance and indoor energy consumption of a multi- story residential building located in the Kepez district of Antalya, Turkey. Within the scope of the research, high-efficiency PV panels fixed above each window on the building façade were evaluated in terms of their dual function: providing passive shading to enhance indoor thermal and visual comfort, and actively generating electricity. The placement and dimensions of the panels were optimized considering literature-based optimum tilt angles, façade orientation, and building envelope conditions. Notably, mathematical algorithms and parametric analyses were developed to determine the optimum panel size and the resulting shadow length above the windows, ensuring the system achieves maximum energy savings for the building. The analyses utilized MATLAB-based calculation algorithms and Autodesk Ecotect Analysis simulations to evaluate, The shading effect created by the panel, the total radiation coming to the window and the effects on indoor energy consumption were evaluated in detail for the average day of each month. For tilt angle determination, monthly and seasonal comparisons were performed to identify values that maximize both electricity production and shading efficiency. Based on monthly solar irradiation data obtained from the PVGIS database, the monthly and annual electricity generation capacities of the system were determined. The results demonstrate that fixed PV shading panels not only produce significant amounts of electricity but also meaningfully reduce heating and cooling loads, leading to a marked improvement in total energy consumption and carbon emissions. The implementation of this system on the south, east, and west façades of the building surpassed the performance of conventional fixed sun-shading devices by providing both passive and active energy benefits within an innovative, integrated model. In conclusion, this thesis proves that the algorithmic optimization of panel size, shadow length, and tilt angle yields substantial benefits in energy efficiency and sustainability for buildings located in hot climate zones. Distinct from similar works in the literature, this study presents an original contribution with its comprehensive analytical approach and application scale, offering a model example for future building- integrated PV shading designs.