The geomorphology of göynük river between Bingöl plain and Karliova

The Göynük Stream valley is situated over a fault valley, intersecting with a NE-SW lining East Anatolian Fault Zone. This stream connects Bingöl plain to Karlıova from north-east. The main geomorphologic units in searching area are; mountainous areas, plateaus, plains, river basins and the valleys. The general characteristics of the searching area is being rather high and mountainous. The highest point of the searching area is Sahin Hill leveling 2874 m. The altitude drops down under 1200 m in the expanding zone of The Göynük Stream to Bingöl plain. Thus, the altitude difference reaches to approximately 1600 m. There has been many depressions happened in the interior and exterior of the searching area, East Anatolian Fault Zone, extending from Hatay to Karlıova. The biggest of these depressions is Bingöl plain which constitutes the southwest border of our searching area. This plain is formed by the north-south directional tektonic pressures. Göynük, Sudurağı (Azizan) and Karlıova depressions take place in the searching area too. Low volcanic plateaus leveling from 2000 to 2250 m and high volcanic plateaus, leveling from 2250?2500 m take place in the searching area. Pliyosen erosion plains take place in the level of 1300?1400 m. Due to the dense volcanic activites on the north of the searching area, lava plateaus have occurred. The lava streams reach to the Göynük Stream Valley. Hence the lava streams covered the base, it cannot be observed. With the impact of East Anatolian Fault Zone; fault mirror, fault breccia, block faulting and fault lakes have emerged in the searching area. The fault lakes occurred after the local drainage?s closure by the effect of fault. These lakes are widespread in the Sudurağı, Soğukçesme and Ciligöl vicinities. Mass movements happen densely, when lithology, dense rainfall and rare vegetation added to the vertical gradient, which is emerged due to the block faulting. Mass movements have been effective on settlement, transportation and agricultural activities. East Anatolian Fault has deformed the main geomorphological units in the interval of front Miyosen- Pliyosen. The fault in our searching area is not only one way, instead, it is like a zone, seperated into many branches. East Anatolian Fault has been activated in the Sub- Pliyosen and with the Mid- Pliyosen it has dominated the area. Farthered ridges, hills, streams have occurred in this area. Lots of cold and hot water sources have been found in this fault zone searching area.