Comparative examination of in vitro methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of biomaterials

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the research and development of the microbial activity of biomaterials. Microbial efficiency of biomaterials is a parameter that is frequently evaluated. On the other hand, there are antimicrobial activity tests used to evaluate microbial activity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to antimicrobial activity screening and evaluation methods. Microbial activity tests should be selected according to the type of biomaterial (metal, polymer, ceramic coating), chemical form (liquid, solid). In this study; It is desired to make the necessary comparisons in order to choose the most suitable microbial activity test according to the type and chemical form of the biomaterial. In the study, material was used on metal (Titanium, zinc, iron), alloy (Ti6Al4V, iron manganese), polymer (polymethylmethacrylate, polyhydroxy butyrate, Polycaprolactone, polylactic acid), Ceramic (Hydroxyapatite, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide) and composite (Zincotitanium oxide) materials gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, gram-negative; Using Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and the fungus Candida albican, 1-Diffusion methods (Agar disc diffusion method, 2- Antimicrobial gradient method (Etest), 3- Serial dilution, 4-Time killing test (time) killing curve), 5- A detailed evaluation was made about the advantages and limitations of microbial activity tests for the plaque counting method methods. As a result of this evaluation, the advantage and disadvantage of the antimicrobial activity methods were determined among themselves and for the method. As a result of establishing a correlation, a wide range of evaluation of the properties of the materials for suitability for tests was made.Expected effective results were observed in more than one test method of especially zinc-based composite materials, PHB, R - PLA and PHB-V, and metal-based biomaterials.