Production of functional products from fungi belonging to the Basidiomycetes sp with biotechnological methods

Fungi belonging to Basidiomycetes have been consumed in the Far East for thousands of years for their prophylactic properties. Today, they are important biological sources utilized for the production of specific chemicals and chemical groups. Trametes versicolor is a white rot fungus and is one of the most important species in this group in terms of its high enzyme production capacity as well as its capabitiy of synthesising specific bioctive compounds. Studies have been carried out in Turkey and abroad on the production of polysaccharides, enzymes and other bioactive compounds using this species of fungus. β-Glucan structures and especially polysaccharopeptide (PSP) complexes present in the mycelial mass in Trametes versicolor have been implicated in providing therapeutic benefits (i.e. immune stimulatory and anti-cancerogenic). One of the most important industrial application areas of T. versicolor is the production of enzymes. This fungus synthesizes lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase enzymes. Laccase enzyme, on the other hand, is a multifunctional enzyme demanded by many sectors including food, textile and paper industries. Laccase enzyme is used for food industry for juice clarification, sedimentation and clarification in beer, wine stabilization, textural modification, bakery products with polymer cross-linking, used for the reclamation of food wastewaters. There are studies to increase the amount of laccase enzyme. In this study, the carob pulp was evaluated to increase the amount of enzyme. Carob is an important fruit grown in the Mediterranean region and evaluated in the production of molasses. When molasses is obtained from carob, the remaining pulp is cellulosic. In other words, the carob pulp is a waste product of molasses production. In this study, the change of laccase enzyme in the fermentation supernatant medium was investigated for 7 days by adding 0, 3, 6 and 10% carob pulp with two strains Trametes versicolor CCBAS614 and Trametes versicolor CCBAS1399 fungi. On the last day of fermentation, changes in total glucan, β-glucan, α-glucan, dietary fiber, ash and protein were investigated in the biomass medium. The highest laccase activity was found in Trametes versicolor CCBAS614 in media containing 10% carob pulp on day 5 of fermentation at 27,874.23 U/L. The highest total glucan T. versicolor CCBAS614 culture was found to contain 10% carob pulp (18.29%) and α-glucan 10% carob pulp (10.71%) as compared to both strains. β-glucan content (9.15%) were found in Trametes versicolor CCBAS1399 and 3% level carob pulp fermentation medium. When the protein was examined, the culture of T. versicolor CCBAS 1399 was highest (10.58%) in dry samples containing 3% carob pulp. The ash was found in T. versicolor CCBAS614 culture and in 10% of carob pulp samples (10.83%). The other strain was also found in 10% carob pulp samples (10.90%) with protein T. versicolor CCBAS1399 culture. There is no statistical difference in ash maintenance in both strains. Finally, dietary fiber was found in T. versicolor CCBAS614 strain (37.76%) and in T. versicolor CCBAS1399 culture (37.21%). There was no statistically significant difference in dietary fiber care in both strains. By summarizing the overall effect of carob pulp, fermentation of T.versicolor CCBAS614 with 10% carob increased the enzyme laccase, total glucan and α-glucan. On the other hand, 3% carob fermentation with T. versicolor CCBAS1399 increased protein and β-glucan positively.