Investigation of the Dna repair mechanisms genes for the adaptive response due to in vivo radio frequency field application against genotoxic damage of bleomycin

Adaptive response; the pre-exposure of the cell or the living non-toxic low-dose genotoxic chemical agents or ionizing radiation makes it resistant to the damage caused by toxic doses. This phenomenon, which is known to cause chemical agents or ionizing radiation, is also caused by the pre-application of radiofrequency field. The pre-radiofrequency field application can then be made to make the cell more resistant to toxic substances. However, studies on the molecular level of the adaptive response created by radiofrequency fields, especially in vivo studies, are quite limited. In our study, in order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptive response created by radio frequency fields, the genes responsible for genomic stability, their possible effects on apoptosis, the balance between free radicals and antioxidant mechanisms in healthy Swiss Albino mice were investigated. For this experiment; five groups as control, sham, R (900 MHz 120 µW cm2 daily for 4 hours 7 days), B (37.5 mg/kg bleomisin (BLM), i.p.), RB (900 MHz 120 µW/cm2 daily for 4 hours 7 days + 37.5 mg/kg BLM, i.p.) (n = 6 for each group) were established. In our study, the RB group in which we occurred an adaptive response was compared according to the sham group. According to the results, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RB group may play an important role in triggering the adaptive response and producing the required minimum stress level. In the group with an adaptive response, levels of tumor suppressor 53 (p53), oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) gene expression responsible for DNA repair mechanisms increased in conjunction with the increase in ROS. Although level of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) gene expression tended to increase, it was not statistically significant. The antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), decreased in the group of adaptive response. According to the data obtained from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis; in the group of adaptive response, apoptosis decreased due to decrease in cell death via the increase in gene expression responsible for DNA repair mechanisms. The results of our study showed that after applying pre-radiofrequency field exposure in vivo conditions, it can apply a protective effect against the genotoxic agent. The minimal oxidative stress occurs leads to an adaptive response with genes that play a role in the DNA repair mechanism and enzymes, thus providing the survival of the cell.