Investigation of agro-morphological properties, plant development and production potentials of stunning fresh bean genotypes in autumn, spring and summer periods

This study was carried out to initiate a pre-breeding study with 38 fresh dwarf bean cultivars and lines. The cultivars and lines were examined for plant growth and seed-set properties in late autumn, early spring, and late summer conditions, and proximity dendrograms were obtained with the help of 30 morphological features determined by UPOV. GV-51, USK-1, KTH-6, KTH-24, ML-30, ML 60, HK-37, and HK-18 genotypes had the highest fresh bean yield and seed set potential under cool conditions in autumn. PI 368052, LGNY-4-97, HK-8, HK-18, GV-51, BRD-21, F1 (PI 549875 x HK 37) hybrid in terms of fresh pod yield and number of pods per plant and per plot in early spring planting, PI-549901 and PI-549902 showed the highest performance. LNY-4-97, AYD-2, HK-8, ML-30, and PI 549875 gave the highest fresh pods in late field sowing. AYD-2, PI 608450, LNY4-97, PI 549998, and LGYNY-4-97 genotypes were found to have string that limits fresh consumption. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), seven components with an Eigen (eigen) value above 1 explained 75.43% of the total variation. The pod characteristics (ratio of width, ground color intensity, degree of curvature, and width) and pod number contributed the highest (0.70-0.73) to variation in principal components 1 and 2. A statistically significant positive correlation coefficient (r= 0.851) was calculated between the fresh pod yield per plant and the number of pods. In the similarity dendrogram calculated in the cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into two main groups, and each group was divided into two subgroups. In the cluster analysis, genotypes PI-549902, PI-549875, HK-18, and HK-33 and genotypes ML-30, PI-486351, PI-549622, and BT-69 were determined as the genetically most distant cultivars and lines. As a result, the obtained data were discussed in terms of further breeding studies.