Evaluation and modeling of metallic compositions of aerosols transported to Buyukcekmece area

ABSTRACTFerhat KaracaIn this study, metallic concentrations of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol are measuredbetween July -2002 and July-2003. Concentrations of Al, Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg, Na are measured byAAS technique and Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb are measured by GF-AAS technique. Average values ofCd, Cr, Fe, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al, Ca for PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 particles are found as 2.28, 99,555, 403, 10555, 381, 78, 96, 3156, 2148 and 0.68, 101, 967, 657, 6791, 334, 58, 56, 2708,3251 as ng m-3, respectively. In the region, chromium and nickel concentrations are closevalues to the atmospheric concentrations of industrialized areas and other concentrations areclose values to the concentrations of impacted suburban areas. Atmospheric chromium, lead,nickel, and zinc are generated from anthropogenic sources such as traffic, local and regionalindustries, and cement factory during all sampling period, while other elements such asaluminum, sodium and iron are generated from natural sources especially during spring andsummer times.Four factor groups of common sources for PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 particles are found as Fe-Zn(regional industry), Mg-Na-Al-Ca (natural), Cr-Ni (local industry), Cd-Pb (traffic) and Mg-Zn-Ca-Fe (industry and marine), Na-Al-Pb-Fe; (industry and crustal), Cd-Ni (regionalindustry ), Cr (local industry), respectively.Finally, the amounts of dry deposition of atmospheric metals to the Büyükçekmece Lake arecalculated and discussed. The largest amount of depositions belong to some crust orientedelements such as iron (22~78 tons/year) and aluminum (14~97 tons/year) and the lowestamounts are those of toxic metals such as Cd (50~100 kg/year), Pb (195~3100 kg/year) andCr (2100~5900 kg/year).Keywords: Trace elements, Air pollution in Istanbul, Receptor modeling, Factor Analysis,Meteorology and air pollution, Aerosols.