The use of contemporary lightweight structural materials in building form and its effect on design

Architecture has been accepted as a branch of science since the day human beings existed. From ancient times to time and just as to old buildings, from those belonging to architecture, from those who always come together, human beings. Therefore, people have always developed their structures in line with their needs, from tents they created with a cover mechanism to today's skyscrapers. With the influence of the Industrial Revolution, the acceleration of technology in the 20th century directly changed and developed the building sector. The application of new materials added to the architecture has revealed the concept of structure and form in the building. The material, which used as load-bearing property, separated the form and structure of the building, became the design language of architects and engineers and started to offer more accessible solutions. Therefore, every material that covers, carries and shapes the building becomes the main element of architectural projects. For this reason, contemporary structural systems are also effective in facade design in order to bring the material to the fore and express the architectural language of the building. Lightweight materials, which were produced in the 20. century and are still being developed in the existing building stock, are the last point of structural systems and answer many problems in buildings. Therefore, incorporating the lightweight materials into structure has been an advantageous solution for architects. Light materials, which are included in the structure and therefore the form of the building, have also shaped and modified the function of the building itself. For the building function; It brings many advantages with its sustainability, energy efficiency, use of recyclable materials, response to disasters, contributions to smart architecture, permeable and transitive spaces, accessible space organizations, contemporary additional design added to the structure within the scope of re-functioning of historical buildings, and light statics. In this sense, projects that prioritize respect for the environment have begun to be produced, with a structure language in which the function creates the form and the function in the form. In this study, while lightweight structural materials are included in the structure and form of the buildings, their effects on the design, their contribution to the structure and its environment, its effect on sustainable and recyclable building design, its effects on the structure during earthquake and fire, their contribution to temporary construction after disaster are examined with current examples and future light structures will be used. It has been evaluated that it will shed light on building design studies. Keywords: light structural materials, lightweight structure, structural, structural design, innovative material