Çamaltı Burnu I batığı amphoralarındaki kazıma işaretler ve 13. yüzyıl Bizans deniz ticareti

This thesis investigates 158 examples of graffiti found on 13th-century Byzantine amphoras recovered from a shipwreck near Marmara Island in the Sea of Marmara. The research is based on previously unpublished materials from the 1998-2004 excavation, which uncovered a variety of artifacts, including glazed ceramics and amphoras marked with graffiti and stamps. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the graffiti collection, evaluates the significance of the Çamaltı Burnu I wreck within the context of Late Byzantine maritime trade in the Marmara Sea region, and presents data on incised marks on amphoras from the Bandırma Archaeology Museum. The analysis includes an interpretation of the graffiti found on the amphoras. The majority of the amphoras are identified as Günsenin Type IV jars, with approximately 20.25% displaying graffiti inscriptions. The study concludes that the cargo group possesses a homogeneous runic collection, characterized by an abundance of Runic characters, some of which share similarities with Greek and Cyrillic alphabets. Symbols categorized as numeric designations also carry phonetic values in different Runic forms. Based on these findings, the numerically dominant symbols in the collection have been divided into 15 distinct groups, establishing parallels with similar forms from other archaeological sites. These results suggest a complex trade network in the Sea of Marmara during the period, marked by a multilingual and multiethnic environment.