Investigation of the use of Çan stone production wastes as raw material in ceramic glaze

Natural formations are the most important resources for societies to sustain and beautify their lives. Since prehistoric times, it is known that stone occupies an important place in human life due to its aesthetic value and unique physical durability. Natural stones have been used as building materials for centuries. Most historical buildings were built from natural stones. Natural stone is a valuable resource especially in terms of design possibilities such as color, shape and surface texture. These materials, which are classified as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, are used directly or as raw material components in the construction and ceramics industry, sculpture and ceramic art. Çan stone is defined as rhyolitic tuff. It has an attractive appearance with its dark colored linear, patterned and haloed structure in beige and yellow colors. The aim of this study is to determine the usage properties and rates of the wastes generated during the production of Çan stone as a raw material in ceramic glazes. Two different wastes resulting from different processes were used. Chemical analysis (XRF) of waste materials was made and it was included in glaze recipes at rates ranging from 20 to 95%. Color and melting properties were determined at 1160 °C- 1200 °C temperatures. After the glaze firing at 1160 °C- 1200 °C, mostly bright glazes with a transition from light yellow to honey color, reddish brown to chocolate brown were produced. As the amount of bell stone waste increased, glaze compositions with matt surfaces were obtained.