Harmful Lepidoptera species and their natural enemies on oak (Quercus spp.) forests in çankiri province and monitoring the damage via satellite images

This Ph.D. thesis, "Harmful Lepidoptera Species and Their Natural Enemies in Oak (Quercus spp.) Forests in Çankırı Province and Monitoring The Damage via Satellite Images" is carried out in Devrez and Şabanözü Forest Districts between 2007 and 2013. As a result of this study, a total of 25 species of Lepidoptera that consist of 6 species of Arctiidae [Arctia caja L., Arctia festiva Hufnagel, A.villica (L.), Chelis maculosa Denis&Schiffmüller, Phragmatobia fuliginosa (L.), Watsonarctia deserta (Bartel)], 1 species of Cossidae [Cossus cossus (L.)], 3 species of Geometridae [Erannis defoliara (Clerk), Operophtera brumata L., Phigalia pilosaria L.], 2 species of Gracillariidae [Phyllonorycter abrasella (Duponchel) and P.mannii (Zeller)], 3 species of Lasiocampidae [Malacosoma castrense (L.), Malacosoma neustria (L.), Phyllodesma tremulifolia (Hübner)], 2 species of Lymantriidae [Euproctis chrysorrhoea L., Lymantria dispar L.], 4 species of Sphingidae [Laothoe populi (L.), Macroglossum stellatarum (L.), Marumba quercus (Denis&Schiffmüller), Smerinthus ocellatus L.], 1 species of Notodontidae [Phalera bucaphala (L.)], 2 species of Tortricidae [Archips xylosteana (L.), Tortrix viridana L.] and 1 species of Zygaenidae [Zygaena filipendulae (L.)]. It was determined that Archips xylosteana (L.), Tortrix viridana L. (Tortricidae), Euproctis chrysorrhoea L., Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae), Phyllonorycter abrasella (Duponchel) and P.manni (Zeller) (Gracillariidae) are evaluated as potentially harmful species in Çankırı oak forests and may cause serious damage with regard to feeding periods of the larvae, occurance ratios in Q.infectoria forests and also prior outbreaks. Also, 9 parasitoid species of certain Lepidoptera species [Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), Achrysocharoides albiscapus (Delucchi), Pediobius bruchicida (Rond.), P.pyrgo (Wlk.), Sympiesis gordius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Dirophanes invisor (Thunberg), Itoplectis maculator (Fabricious) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Telenomus euproctidis Wilcox (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Monodontomerus aereus Walker (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)] have been determined as a result of this study. In conclusion, a total of 34 species of which 25 species of Lepidoptera (6 main pests, 10 potential pests and 9 faunistically important species) and 9 parasitoid species have been determined in this study. Landsat satellite images have been used in this study in order to determine the pest populations. To that end, NDVI values have been calculated for the years between 2000 and 2011. After application of these values to pure and mixed stands of Q.infectoria in Devrez and Şabanözü forest districts, it has been determined that the damage of insects could be monitored via satellite images and also, pure and mixed Q.infectoria stands are affected differently from the harmful insects.