The causes and consequences of Nile River mismanagement: A comparative overview of environmental impacts in Ethiopia, South Sudan and Egypt

Ineffective management of resources invariably results in complications. This thesis examines the mismanagement of the Nile River, a critical African waterway traversing eleven countries. While Egypt, with its millennia-old history, is frequently associated with the Nile, the river's significance extends to all nations along its course. Relations among these countries are strained due to inequitable water distribution and poor management practices, despite numerous attempts at reaching agreements over the years. This qualitative research aims to identify the causes and consequences of the Nile's mismanagement and to propose viable solutions. Utilizing a comprehensive review of over one hundred articles, the study focuses on three of the Nile-sharing countries to identify the origins of the conflict and to suggest more effective agreements. The findings indicate that national self-interest, short-sighted policies, and a lack of expertise in water management are primary contributors to political tensions, as well as socio-economic and environmental issues. The thesis recommends a balanced approach to water management that considers the interests of all parties while respecting each country's needs. It also offers new suggestions and alternative interventions to address the ongoing challenges.