Mineralogy, geochemistry and economic evaluation possibilities of Çaybağı (Elazığ) clay

Ill ABSTRACT PHD. Thesis ÇAYBA?I (ELAZI?) KİLLERİNİN MİNERALOJİSİ, JEOKİMYASI VE EKONOMİK DE?ERLENDİRME OLANAKLARI Dicle BAL AKKOCA Fırat University Graduate School of natural and Applied Sciences Department of Geological Engineering 2001, Page: 150 In this study clay mineralogy of Elazığ-Çaybağı Formation was investigated. For this reason horizontal and vertical variations of minerals and geochemical effect's to the variations have been examinated. In addition, major and trace element contents in the clay fraction of clay rocks have been investigated using XRF, XRD and SEM methods. All data have been evaluated with geoistatistical methods. Thus geological evalution and development and economic importance of Çaybağı Formation were interpreted. In study area, Coniacian-Maastrichtian Elazığ Magmatics, Upper Miocene-Pliocene. Kırkgeçit Formation, Quaternary Palu Formation are present. The area is faulted and foldeddensely. These are tectonic structures which followed the neotectonİc period.The basin gave rise to lacustrine and braided-meandering fluvial facies. Mineralogical investigations indicate a mineral zoning from west to east, as calcite- calcite+dolomite-dolomite+calcite. Minerals of basin are smectite, chlorite, illite, S-C(correncite) clays minerals and silica (Opal A-CT, kristobalite), calcite, anhydrite, aragonite, gypsium.1.V Frequency distrubution of whole rock show normal; dolomite, quartz, opal and feldspar show lognormal distributions. In clays illite-chlorite has shown normal distrubutions, smectite and S-C (correncitc) lognormal distrubutions. In clays illite-chlorite has shown normali, smectite and S-C (correncite) lognormal distribution. There are strong negative correlations between quartz and CaO, Zn, Pb, P2O5; feldspar and Ni, Na2Û clay mineral and FeîCb, Ba; aragonite and NaîO; dolomite and TİO2; calcite and Zn, Co, Cu, Fe2C«3; smectite and Zn, Zr, Na20; illite and Zn, Na20; negative correlation between feldspar, and SİO2; aragonite and LOI, smectite and K, chlorite and Cr, Ni and strong positive correlation between quartz and Na2Û, SİO2, AI2O3,Co, Fe203; smectite and Th, U, Zr, Y, N. There are positive correlation between calcite and clay; feldspar and quartz; illite and chlorite; negative correlation between dolomite and clay minerals; smectite and illite,smectite and chlorite,smectite and S-C. The correlation between elements has convenient primer and seconder dispersion rules. Findings of guess theories show that the most abundant mineral is calcite and the least, abundant is opal at the whole rocks.. In clay fractions, the most abundant clay mineral is smectite and the least abundant is illite. Multivariate variance analyses (MANOVA) show that clay minerals amounts of the sections are similar,however amounts of other minerals are various. The cluster analyses indicate that associations quartz+feldspar+calcite+dolomite+clay minerals and opal+quartz+feldspar+aragonite. The cluster analyses indicate that associations quartz+ feldspar+ calcite+ dolomite+clay minerals and opal+quartz+feldspar+aragonite. White SEM investigations the primary dolomite, fibrous textured, calcite, honeycomb and cornflcx textured smectites were determined. Ca smectites of Çaybağı formations may have an economic potantial.