The effect of facade shading elements on heating and cooling loads

Nowadays the need for energy increases and the resources are rapidly running out with the development of technology. For this reason, energy saving studies are developed in all disciplines and energy efficiency concept is emphasized. Many systems are being developed such as the use of energy efficient building materials, the application of insulation systems, and the design of buildings that produce their own energy in the discipline of architecture. All of these systems are evaluated under the heading of energy efficient structure design. Energy efficient structure design are applied effectively in air conditioning systems, mechanical and ventilation systems, as well as the roof of the building shell and facade systems. In order to understand the structure of the building shell and to examine its effects on energy efficiency. Firstly the concept of facade has been explained by doing classifications. The excess/ mass energy consumption because of the facades was determined as a problem and the effects of the use of shading elements on the energy consumption were investigated in order to reduce this consumption. Within the scope of this thesis, the amount of energy required for heating and cooling in different climatic zones has been determined. For this purpose, an office building model was simulated by using the DesignBuilder program and energy analyzes were run for five different climatic zone in Turkey. The purpose of the selection of the office building is; its being synchronized with the duration of usage of the building used with this function and the sunbathing time, and generally the transparent surface ratio of the office buildings is high. With this preference, it is assumed that the effect of the shading elements to be used will be determined more clearly. The amount of energy required for heating and cooling for five different climatic zones was determined by analysis and the changes of these energy quantities and they were compared when fixed and movable shading elements were used. According to the simulation program analysis results; regardless of the type of shading elements, it has been found that the cooling energy is reduced, but this decrease is greater in the use of moving shading elements. The use of fixed or moving shading elements has increased the heating energy. On the other hand, the movable shading elements increase the heating energy less than the fixed shading elements. In addition, when the constant shading element is used for the 4th and 5th climate zones known as the cold climate zone, it was seen that the amount of energy per m² increases. However, it has been found that the use of movable shading elements reduces the total amount of energy for all climatic zones. Key words: Facade systems, energy analysis, moving shading elements, fixed shading elements