The effect of application of combined bovine derived anorganic bone graft and haemostatic plant extract on bone regeneration in surgically created bone defects

Prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous alveolar ridges caused by loss of teeth is a commonly used procedure in dental practice. In such circumstances when there is absence of convenient alveolar ridge to applicate a conventional or implant supported prosthesis, after tooth extractions, periapical surgery, cyst operations and bone fracture treatments; grafting procedures can be applied. All of these procedures aim an increase in existing bone volume. Various experimental and clinical trials concentrate on bone grafts, barrier membranes and bone physiology and aim to accelerate bone regeneration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of combined usage of haemostatic plant extract (Ankaferd BloodStopper®, Ankaferd İlaç Kozmetik A.Ş., İstanbul ,Turkey) (ABS) which is known with positive effects on soft tissue healing and early stage bone healing, and bovine derived anorganic bone graft (Integros Boneplus-xs®, Integros Sağlık Ürünleri Ar-Ge İmalat, İthalat, İhracat, San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Adana, Turkey) (ABB) on bone healing. In our experimental study, nine domestic pigs are used. Three bone defects were created via extraoral approach on the mandibles of all pigs. The defects were 10 mm in diameter and 5 mm in depth. In the first defects, ABS solution (0,3 ml/defect) was applicated in transporting agent of ABB (0,3 cc/defect) and in the second defects, ABS (0,3 ml/defect) is applicated in microcapsules for controlled drug release combined with ABB (0,3 cc/defect) again. The third defects in each animal were left empty. All defects were covered with resorbable collagen membranes. All animals were sacrified at the end of a 10-week healing period. Undecalcified sections were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The data were analyzed statistically. In conclusion, the combined usage of ABS and ABB in both different ways, increased bone regeneration statistically compared to the empty defect group. However, there was no significant difference between the mixture of ABS, which is encapsuled in microspheres, with ABB and the mixture of ABS solution added directly to ABB in terms of new bone regeneration. Keywords: haemostatic plant extract, bovine derived anorganic bone graft, xenograft, bone healing, controlled release, histomorphometry