Determination of genotoxic effect of silver nanoparticle obtained from green synthesis method using cimin grape leaf by wing spot test

Nowadays biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts has been a very important research area. Green synthesis is one step ahead of other synthesis methods due to both cost reduction in production and environmentally friendly approach. For these reasons, the nature-friendly green synthesis method was chosen for the silver nanoparticle used in our research. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Uv–Vis spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the next step, we tried to investigate the possible toxic and genotoxic effects of chemically produced silver nanoparticles (AgNP(k)) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP(b)) obtained by the green synthesis method on the transheterozygous larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, 72 ± 4 hour larvae were used, which carried the recessive flare (flr3) and multiple wing hair (mwh) determinant genes in their third chromosomes. The larvae were chronically fed into the nutrient medium containing AgNPs at different concentrations (1,25; 2,5 and 5 mg/mL). The genotoxic effects of AgNPs were evaluated according to the mutant trichomes formed as a result of genetic changes (mitotic recombination, non-separation, deletion, and point mutation) development of the wing imaginal discs. Mutant clone evaluations were made based on small single spots, large single spots, and twin spots classifications. It was determined that AgNP obtained by green synthesis by somatic mutation and recombination test method is not genotoxic.