Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and urolithiasis in children

Objective: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) includes structural and functional malformations of kidney, urether, bladder and urethra. In the etiology of urinary stone disease in children; metabolic disorders, structural anomalies and urinary tract infection plays role. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the aim is to find the prevalence of urolithiasis in children aged 0-18 with CAKUT and the clinical and metabolic characteristics of urolithiasis in these patients. Material and Method: The study was administered between January 2020 and September 2023 at Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital in 0 to 18 year old patients who were diagnosed with CAKUT and urolithiasis. Age at presentation, gender, history of recurrent urinary tract infection, body mass index, family history, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, serum electrolyte levels, venous blood gas results, serum parathormone and vitamin D level; uric acid, calcium, oxalate, citrate, cystine levels in spot urine and 24-hour urine, stone biochemical analysis results, imaging findings of the patients were retrospectively examined via Karmed hospital system and E-nabız. Results: Urolithiasis was detected in %6.8 (n=22) of 324 patients with CAKUT. CAKUT were presented with %30 (n=22) of 73 patients with urolithiasis. Renal hypoplasia, renal ectopia, rotation of kidney, cystic kidney diseases, double collecting system, ureterocele, VUR, UP stenosis and bladder diverticulum was detected in patients with CAKUT and urolithiasis. %45,5 (n= 10) of the patients with CAKUT and urolithiasis were overweight or obese. %85 of urinary stones were located in the kidneys, %9 in the ureters and %6 in the bladder. In patients (n=17) who had biochemical analysis of urine, hypocitraturia (%58,8) and hyperoxaluria (%45) were most frequently identified. Conclusion: It was thought that urinary stasis, metabolic disorders and increased body mass index played an important role in the formation of urinary stones in children with CAKUT and urolithiasis. Keywords: child, congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract, urolithiasis