Technical and economical comparison of different stubble densities and furrow openers in permanent ridge sowing technique in wheat-soybean rotation under the çukurova conditions

In traditional agriculture concept, the aim is to achieve maximum yield from unit area. Soil quality was degraded as a result of intensive agricultural activities which showed that this concept is not very accurate. Nowadays the new concept is; how much a unit area can be used for agricultural purposes in a sustainable way. In the recent years, due to the increasing environmental awareness the high input costs in agricultural production and the necessity of saving in energy usage have bring changes in soil cultivation practices in the world and in Turkey. Nowadays, conservation tillage an alternative to conventional tillage and particularly direct seeding method is becoming more popular. However, especially in our country, reduced tillage and ridge planting methods have started to be used more widely compared to direct sowing. For this purpose, the importance of machines used in ridge and residues sowing are increasing. Draw a sowing machine's furrow opener affecting the distribution of seeds in the soil is the latest piece. The foot of the furrow opener is important in placing the seed at the desire row distance and soil depth for the healthy development of plants and reducing harvest losses. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different cutting heights (15±5 cm and 25±5 cm) and furrow opener types (single disc, double disc and chisel) on planting evenness on different ridges within the permanent ridge planting technique. In the study, the most suitable chisel furrow opener types for soybean sowing under different stubble conditions were determined, and the effects of each chisel furrow opener types on seed distribution uniformity, plant emergence percentage and plant emergence time were also determined. In addition, the effects of different treatments on yield of wheat and soybean was also determined. It has been determined that the chisel type furrow opener showed the highest KBAO (85.47%) and yield (290.1 kg / da) values in second crop soybean. Keywords: Permanent ridge planting, mulch sowing, stubble management, the second crop soybeans, furrow opener