Philosophy education in Republic period (1923-1938)

Turkey has changed worldview, state regime, all the institutions and thereby system of educationin the process of progress, enlightenment, catching the era and ascend contemprorary civilization level from the 18th century and up to now.Ottoman Empire which was improve as "sultan-palace", had awared of the West which had proceeded thanks to thoughts and Works of philosophers and improve by big steps by puting reason in the center. However, it was faced with the resistence of strait-laced bureaucracy, madrasah and jannisary. This makes the defeats in the wars inevitable. From this point, Ottomans started to accept that they were back from the West. The situation was tried to be healed by imitating the West. However, the regression of the centuries can not be solved by reforms that was not intenalized by masses. The inevitable end that the history shows us many times was experienced and Ottoman Empire was deleted in the scene of history. Many reason can be shown for this collapse but one of the important of them would be unlimited and old-fashioned education system.The factors of the progress of the West were philosophers and thinkers. From the Antient time, so many philosopher have appeared. They have undertook the duities of enlighten the society, making the reason free and construct the ideal state. On the other hand, in Ottoman State, not a philosopher, even a philosophic education was absence. There was not a determined programe or lecture book. Kemalist Reform that was conducted in the leadership of Mustafa Kemal was aware of this deficiency. Mustafa Kemal gave special importance in education. He ensured the institutionalization of philosophy, constructing the programme of philosophy and printing the books.In this thesis, the thought movements which were occured by the effect of West, the education understanding of Kemalist Reform, what Kemalists do in the area of education and reforms in the secondary and university education, Works and programmes are hold. Key Words: Philosophy, Reform, University, Republic, Kemalism, Education,Secondary Education