Comparison of the opinions of Turkish sociologists and historians in the Republican era on the history of Turkish society and social problems (In the case of Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Cahit Tanyol, Halil İnalcık, Kemal Karpat)

While sociology focuses on similarities by making generalizations on society, history focuses on the change and differentiation of plural human societies. The commonalities, differences, similarities, and auxiliaries of sciences are among the topics that always maintain their popularity in scientific discussions. The relationship between sociology and the science of history is also a subject that has been talked, studied, and discussed a lot. Although these two different understandings seem contradictory, they are considered as two complementary approaches. The science of history and the science of sociology are moving towards the same goal from different directions and in different ways. From the emergence of sociology to the present, some historians and sociologists have drawn attention to the importance of this relationship. In this study, the views of historians and sociologists on similar or different issues will be compared to evaluate the relationship between history and sociology in a more concrete way. Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Cahit Tanyol, Halil İnalcık and Kemal Karpat were selected for this comparison. In the study, after giving information about these names, the evaluations they put forward on the history of Turkish society and social problems will be compared. The topics will be divided into two parts, historical and social. In the historical part, firstly Central Asian Turkish history, Seljuk State and Ahilik Organization, economy and social structure of the Ottoman Empire, and finally; Political events in the Republican period will be evaluated. In the section on social issues, the views of these four names on the debates on social change, modernization, identity, religion, and secularism will be compared. Keywords: Sociology, History, Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Cahit Tanyol, Halil İnalcık, Kemal Karpat