Changing forms of opposition

The aim of this study is to examine the social opposition realized in the current social formation in the context of its actors, effects, tools, and change historically. Social opposition is a concept unique to the modern state as a phenomenon and activity realized within the framework of citizenship law and supported by rights and freedoms. However, since the emergence of class societies, natural classes have resisted the practice or pressure of political powers. In pre-capitalist societies, resistance to oppression has come to life in the form of "opposition" and "daily practices of resistance", which are carried out actively or passively. In this context, the first finding regarding the changing forms of opposition is that with the transition from pre-capitalist societies to capitalist societies, forms of resistance reach a "notion of right". In order to reveal the reciprocal relationship between the organizational features of the form taken by capitalism and the forms of opposition at a certain moment in history, a conceptualization has been made as Transition to Fordist Opposition, Fordist Opposition, and Post-Fordist Opposition period. The phenomena of social opposition to the political power in practice are analyzed in the context of strikes, trade unions, and social movements, through the conditions and means of accumulation. In all three periods, it was found that the effectiveness of the action repertoires used by the social opposition was affected quantitatively and qualitatively by the organization of labor and production. Within the possibilities and limitations of social opposition in the Post-Fordist era, new forms of opposition were discussed and the practices of commoning, network struggles, and social media were examined within the scope of the new forms of opposition taking place in today's social formation, and examined through the current action repertoires. Keywords: Social Opposition, Capitalist State, Public Sphere, Fordist Opposition, and Post-Fordist Opposition