Effect of different extraction methods on yield of maritime pine bark tannin and its chemical composition

As a result of forestry activities in our country and in industrial company about producing wood paneling, a considerable amount of waste arises as a result of the production process. It is known that these waste barks which are not evaluated apart from burning are rich in tannins. As a result of the preliminary studies, it has been determined that the coastal crustaceans contain tannins at high levels. The coastal pine is a particularly fast-growing species, and O.G.M. as the most preferred species for industrial plantations, it was chosen as a source of tannin within the scope of the project. In this study, the extracts of Pinus pinaster (Maritime Pine) bark from Yalova Armutlu Region were given priority and the analysis of the extracts with the various extraction methods and parameters gave priority to the tannin yield especially in the bark extract. Within the scope of the study, the extraction stage was tried to be optimized by examining the effect of various extraction methods on the chemical composition of the obtained tannin extract and the yield of tannin from the pine bark. Classic aqueous solution extraction, soxlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction methods were applied using different parameters. The chemical composition of the phenolic extracts obtained after extraction was determined by the method of stiasny number, total phenol determination, proanthocyanidin (butanol-HCl) method. On the other hand the amount of impurities in the tannin extract was also determined by the DNS reducing sugar method. Optimum extraction parameters were measured in FTIR spectrometry for each extraction type separately. The highest yield and high tannin content values for maritime pine species were obtained by microwave assisted extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, which is one of the advanced extraction techniques compared to conventional aqueous extraction and soxhlet extraction methods. Compared with microwave assisted extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, higher yield and stiasny values were found in microwave assisted extraction at the same bark and solvent ratios. This is also true of phenolic compound ratios. Soxhlet extraction and conventional aqueous solution extraction are disadvantageous compared to advanced extraction methods because of the high amount of solvent use and long time duration of extraction. Ultrasonic assisted extractions and microwave assisted extractions can be performed in a short time. Extraction techniques planned to be studied within the scope of the project are used in crustal tannic extraction to optimize the extraction stage to achieve higher extract yield and purity, less solvent and chemical consumption and lower energy consumption values. With the successful completion of the thesis, the optimum extraction method and parameters for the coastal pine have been put forward and it has been aimed to gain the barks of the waste state to the economy of the country.