The effect on liver structure of geraniol and vitamin c on dietilnitrozamin i̇nduced experimental hepatocellular carcinogenesis

This study was aimed to determine the protective effect of geraniol and vitamin C in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA). For this purpose, pathway mediators nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), caspase-3, bcl-2, bax, gadd153, 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and expressions were evaluated. All analyzes were examined in five groups (Group 1; Control, Group 2; DENA Control, Group 3; DENA+Geraniol, Group 4; DENA+Vitamin C and Group 5; DENA+Geraniol+Vitamin C). The mean±standard error values of the results obtained respectively in groups; for NF-ĸB analysis; 1.208±0.0712, 5.217±0.3250, 3.017±0.2088, 3.333±0.2076, 2.583±0.1721 ng/ml, for AIF analysis; 0.5183±0.0330, 1.490±0.0356, 1.012±0.1189, 0.9683±0.1752, 1.037±0.0835 pg/ml, for caspase-3 analysis; 3.52±0.3563, 16.17±1.3520, 9.83±0.8333, 10.97±0.9117, 7.50±0.7638 ng/ml, for bcl-2 analysis; 19.33±1.542, 8.00±0.856, 14.00±0.516, 13.67±0.882, 15.33±1.085 pg/ml, for bax analysis; 1.180±0.0755, 8.350±0.9986, 5.033±0.5175, 6.333±0.8819, 3.167±0.4773 ng/ml, for gadd153 analysis, 0.4087±0.0412, 1.4630±0.1239, 0.8905±0.0466, 0.7767±0.0871, 0.6167±0.0687 ng/ml, for GRP78 analysis, 0.76±0.060, 1.83±0.087, 1.29±0.052, 1.21±0.083, 0.91±0.184 pg/ml and for COX-2 analysis, 1268±54.2, 3962±138.4, 2315±215.3, 2602±148.0, 1864±167.1 pg/ml has been determined. When the results are evaluated; expressions of NF-ĸB, AIF, caspase-3, bax, gadd153, GRP78 and COX-2 increased in DENA compared to group 1 and decreased in group 5 compared to group 2. Bcl-2 expression decreased in group 2 compared to group 1 and increased in group 5 compared to group 2. As a result, geraniol and vitamin C implementation was found to have a protective effect in HCC model. We think that this research in cell culture will help the studies for protective effects.