Investigation on the effects of eugenia jambolana and morus nigra on experimentally created chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis model

Oral mucositis is a common complication encountered in the field of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as it negatively affects the patients quality of life and their general health outcomes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different doses of Eugenia jambolana EJ (3%, 5%) in prophylaxis and treatment and Morus nigra on the treatment of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis in rats. Thirty four 6-month-old male Sprague Dawley adult rats 7 different groups. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered intraperitoneally twice as a total of 60 mg/kg/day on day 1 and 150 mg/kg/day on day 5. On the 5th day of the study, the right cheek mucosa of the rats was rotated outwards by the same person in a linear motion along the cheek followed by application of 20% acetic acid (15 ul) under the tongue. In this model, the occurrence of oral mucositis on the 4th day after injection (day 9 of the experiment) was predicted and the resulting ulceration was scored. Different doses of EJ (3%, 5%) and Morus nigra were administered to animals starting from the 9th day until day 13 while the prophylaxis doses of EJ (3%, %5) started before chemotherapy and continued until the last day of the experiment. Animals were recorded on the 1st, 5th, 9th, 11th and 13th days and the changes in the oral mucosa were scored according to Parkins et al. At the end of the 13th day of the experiment, blood was taken from the heart under anesthesia, sacrificed, and tissue samples were taken from cheek, kidney and liver. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were tested. There are significant differences in weight loss and mortality within the treatment groups and the chemotherapy groups. There are significant differences in oxidative stress parameter in the cheek (GSH, SOD, katalaz) P value <0,05. Additionally there are significant differences in the inflammatory mediators between the groups (IL6, IL-IB) p <0,05. The weight loss, clinical scores along with biochemical markers were better in percent 3 EJ prophylaxis, which makes this plant a subject for further research that may study concentrations between 3 and 5 per cent. In the treatment group Morus nigra was associated with better overall outcomes, lower weight loss, better clinical score, more preferred oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters than the other treatment groups . This makes Morus nigra an acceptable option to be studied in clinical practice, especially as it is already available in the market for other indications. Further animal studies and clinical studies to better understand the effects and side effects of EJ and Morus nigra. A great deal of financial and scientific effort must be made to help make use of the results of these studies and to move them towards the formation of products that will decrease the suffering of chemotherapy used patients. Keywords: Oral mucositis, 5-Fluorouracil, cancer, chemoterapy, dental care