Evaluation of halhali olive production in Derik district in the scope of rural development

This thesis study was conducted in the Derik district of Mardin province, known as the genetic origin of the Halhali olive variety in Türkiye. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the role and potential of Halhali olive production in the context of rural development through a multidimensional approach. Derik stands out not only as a significant olive production area in the Southeastern Anatolia Region but also as the natural habitat and historical center of Halhali olive cultivation. However, in recent years, rapid urban expansion, uncontrolled spatial development, and the conversion of agricultural lands into urban zones have exerted increasing pressure on olive groves. Accordingly, this research aims to highlight the contribution of Halhali olive production to rural development, propose planning strategies for the protection of production areas, and support the process with spatial data grounded in scientific analysis. Within the scope of the study, the environmental conditions required for Halhali olive cultivation were examined in detail. Geomorphological, climatic, pedological, and hydrographic factors were analyzed to determine their influence on olive farming. Specific micro-geographic locations such as Zeytinpınar, Söğütözü, and Gab Valley were selected as the study area. The irrigation sources, soil characteristics, and climatic suitability of these regions were evaluated to better understand the ecological needs of Halhali olive cultivation. Methodologically, the study employed Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. The boundaries of the study area were drawn using Google Earth Pro, and data were processed using ArcGIS 10.5 software to map historical and current olive production areas. Spatial changes between the years 1990 and 2024 were analyzed, and the extent, causes, and consequences of these changes were assessed. The results highlighted significant issues such as the shrinkage of agricultural lands, fragmentation of olive groves, and declines in productivity. In conclusion, Halhali olive production in Derik represents more than a local agricultural activity; it serves as a strategic driver of rural development in the region. By presenting GIS-supported spatial analyses, this study aims to contribute to the academic literature and offer a guiding resource for local authorities in the development of sustainable agricultural and spatial planning policies.