Clinical evaluation of different restorative materials in deep cavities

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical performance of high viscosity glass ionomer, bulk fill composite and conventional composite in deep cavities. Material and Metod: Systemically healthy individuals aged 18 years and over with teeth that had deep caries lesions according to ESE (European Society of Endodontology) criteria or teeth that reached ¾ of the dentin radiographically but had a hard dentin area between the caries and pulp were included in this study. In total, 182 restorations were made in 94 patients using three different materials (Equia Forte, Filtek One Bulk Fill and Gradia Direct Posterior). A single adhesive system (Single Bond Universal) was used for both composite materials. The restorations were evaluated according to modified FDI criteria at the beginning (1 week), 6 months and 12 months. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Friedman, Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results: At the end of 12 months of follow-up, failure was detected in 4 restorations (2 missing and 2 fractured) in the class II EF group. In the EF group, a significant difference was observed in terms of color match between the tooth and the restoration, regardless of the cavity type (p<0.001). Marginal opening was observed in 1 restoration in the Class II EF group. Endodontic treatment was required in 1 restoration in the EF group, 1 restoration in the FOBF group, and 2 restorations in the GDP group. No significant differences were observed between restorative materials in terms of postoperative sensitivity, regardless of cavity type and time. No marginal discoloration or secondary caries was observed in any of the restorations in all groups. Overall, the EF material showed significantly lower retention (91.1%, p=0.01) than the composite materials (100%). Conclusion: At the end of 12 months, high viscosity glass ionomer showed lower performance than composite materials in terms of retention and color compatibility. Key words: Bulk fill composite, Deep caries, Equia, Glass ionomer cement