Evaluation of risk factors of nosocomial infecti̇ons between 2015-2017 years in intensive care unit of internal Medicine Department of Dicle Uni̇versity

Introduction and Objective: Nosocomial infections take place 48-72 hours after the admission. Hospital-acquired infection is one of the most important cause of mortality and morbidity, and it causes a significant increase in hospital expenses. The aim of the study is to determine nosocomial infections that develop in intensive care units, and to investigate related factors. Material and Method: The study included 89 of control group patients and 125 patients with nosocomial infections who were hospitalized through the dates of January the 1st, 2015 and December the 31st, 2017 in Dicle University Intensive Care Unit. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of the patients are retrospectively obtained from the patient files. Results: According to examination in the distribution of infections in the intensive care unit, bacteremia is detected in 45,23% percent of the patients, ventilator related pneumonia in 34,12% of the patients and urinary tract infections in 16,6% of the patients. The most detected isolated microorganisms are Acinetobacter baumannii (49,6%), Klebsiella pneumonia (13,6%) and candida (12,8%). No difference is determined between the patients with nosocomial infection and the control group in terms of age and gender. (p> 0.05). CRP, length of hospital stay, urea and thrombocyte levels are higher in the patients who developed nosocomial infection, and albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are found to be lower than in the control group (p <0.05). According to the results of logistic regression analysis in the study, risk of infection development was determined as 23,37 higher than in patients using non-invasive mechanical ventilation compared to those not using mechanical ventilation at all. It is found that the use of central venous catheters is an independent risk factor for hospital infections. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the risk of infection in patients with central venous catheter is found to be 36.12 higher than in patients without central venous catheter. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, it is found that the risk of infection in patients with blood transfusion background is 6.57 higher than in patients without blood transfusion background. Conclusion: It is predicted that taking preventive measures for isolated microorganisms which are the agents of nosocomial infections developed in intensive care units, and correct usage of risk factors, increasing possibility of infection, may reduce the risk of infection.