Examining the effects of the Gince Intelligent Game (GIG) program on physical activity capacity and cognitive development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of scientifically based, innovative, and systematic exercise programs on physical activity capacity and cognitive development in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study was conducted using a controlled experimental design with a pre/post-test control group and criterion sampling. The sample included 16 individuals with ADHD (6 girls, 10 boys) and 16 typically developing (TD) controls from public schools in Kozan, Adana. Participants had no additional disabilities and parental consent was obtained. Their mean age was 9.5±1.0 years, mean height 139.42±6.4 cm, and mean weight 35.8±9.6 kg. They were divided into four groups: ADHD Exercise Group (EG), ADHD Control Group (CG), TD Exercise Group (EG), and TD Control Group (CG). The ADHD and TD exercise groups participated in an 8-week program, three times per week for 45 minutes per session. Assessments included the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), Executive Function Activities Routine Scale (EFARS), FAS Test, and Stroop Color Test. Pre- and post-test comparisons showed significant improvements in visual attention and physical activity in exercise groups compared to controls (p<0.05). TD individuals in the exercise group had greater improvements in attention and executive functions than controls. In conclusion, the exercise program enhanced attention in ADHD individuals and improved executive functions in TD children. These findings support the development of tailored exercise programs based on individual needs