Determination of DNA damage caused by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and under light stress exposure and the protective effect of determined active ingradiend via comet assay method and genetic analysis

A study aiming to detect DNA damage in rats exposed to Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and Light Stress combines the Comet Assay method and genetic analysis to examine the extent of DNA damage. Also in this study, standard treatment and alternative treatments have been compared using different active ingredients. We have observed the damages caused by DMH and light stress with the visuals obtained by analysing comet assay. We have confirmed the damage findings obtained from comet assay by analysing gene expression values with the changes in gene expression values with both p53 gene analysis and caspase 3 analysis results. According to these data; in terms of genetic analyses, when evaluated on the basis of both genes (p53 and caspase 3 genes) and both tissues (kidney and liver), when evaluated on the basis of caspase 3 gene expression levels, it is seen that the damage caused by prolonged exposure to light is more than DMH application, which is a strong chemical. On the basis of treatments; capsacin was found to be more successful than cisplatin in DMH application because it decreased gene expression more, while cisplatin was the most successful in light application and crosin was more successful in the second place and it seems to be ahead of capsaicin. If we summarise the data we obtained on the basis of p53; based on the role and success of cisplatin in cancer treatment, light application seems to have caused more damage in the kidney and DMH in the liver. Briefly, both treatments have caused damage. This is to be expected since DMH is a known and potent carcinogenic chemical. Nevertheless, it is understood that prolonged exposure to light can damage DNA as seriously as the chemical. For this reason, it has been concluded that especially those who work at night or who are in a light environment for a very long time can be seriously damaged, and in this respect, more attention should be paid to the environment. In the treatment, cisplatin seems to be very successful, which is already an expected result. However, when we came to capsaicin and crosine, capsaicin has been found to be more therapeutic when used alone and crosine has been found to be more therapeutic when used with cisplatin. When we evaluated the Comet assay result; in terms of the amount of DNA especially in the tail, long-term exposure to light had more damage than exposure to DMH, which is a chemical agent and has been shown by different publications and studies to cause serious DNA damage. Consequently, it seems that working with exposure to light for most of the day should be avoided, and it is important to reduce the negative effect of excess light by reducing the light power or to take measures to reduce this negative effect. In terms of treatment, the most successful treatments have been seen in cisplatin+ capsaicin or cisplatin+ crosine combination. When we look at the treatment agents used alone, cisplatin has given the best results. However, this substance is already used against different cancers. However, it should not be forgotten about the possible side effects of drug use and it is necessary to be careful in its use accordingly. For this reason, capsaicin, as a natural substance, has been the closest successful result to cisplatin. Alternatively, both capsaicin and crosine have been found to be successful at different levels in different applications. By considering its advantages such as cheapness and easy access, it can be said that it can be used easily and successfully without ignoring that there may be points to be considered in its use. Keywords: Comet Assay Method, Capsaisin, Crosin, Cisplatin, Dimethylhydrazine (DMH), DNA Damage, Light Stress