He relati̇on between reli̇gi̇on and poli̇ti̇cs i̇n the context of Ma'mun peri̇od i̇nqui̇sati̇on

The Relation Between Religion and Politics in the Context of Ma'mun Period İnquisation This study aims to examine the relationship between religion and state in Islamic political tradition. For such a study, it was thought that the Ma'mun period was an ideal field of study. The lack of clear boundaries between religion and politics due to historical and cultural reasons in the Islamic historical tradition resulted in the mis-determination of the relationship between these two institutional structures, thus revealing certain problem areas. As a result, it has revealed certain problem areas. This problematic perception was a limitation of the policy's ability to solve problems. Because of this problematic perception; On the one hand, while politicians tend to perceive religion as a political tool, on the other hand; the state has become the area of conquest of different religious movements Although we have discussed Quranic createdness as a theological issue in a separate chapter in our study, but our main concern has been to reveal the relationship between religion and state through this discussion. Because the doctrine of 'The creation of the Qur'an' as a theological subject has a secondary importance in our study therefore, we did not aim to develop an extra discourse on this subject. Classical Islamic theology; It is a bipolar structure represented by Ahl al-hadith, who sees the Qur'an - the Hadith as the only acceptable authority on the subjects of faith, and the rationalist currents representing the rational religious perception. It is assumed that Caliph al-Ma'mun's mihnah is against the first of these groups. In 833, the Caliph al-Ma'mun first tried to impose the doctrine of the creation of the Qur'an on the members of the judiciary and initiated an interrogation (mihna). However, the interrogation of the Ahl al-hadith, which has deep roots and strong ties in society, revealed a violent opposition in society. As a result, the doctrine has already failed. Because of the doctrine of 'The createdness of the Qurʾan' which is a theological discussion area, Caliph Ma'mun intervened on a theological issue as a political leader and questioned the Qadîs through this doctrine. According to the assumption of the Islamic political tradition, this intervention is the authority and even the duty of the caliph. For this reason, the emergence of the mihnah according to Islamic political tradition is not seen as an unusual situation. But even after all, there are questions that have not been answered. some of those: what does the caliph's position on the bench correspond to? Is he a lawyer? Was it the highest organ of religion or was it involved in the social sphere as a political leader? Because the caliphate is an institutional structure that holds all three Powers in his hands. On the other hand, the tragic phase of Islamic history, the Caliph Ma'mun period, has been the scene of intense academic interest for the last few decades. This interest is probably the result of an effort to understand the rationale behind this inquiry. Our study consists of three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. In the first part, it is discussed whether Islam has a political claim and the historical adventure of the Caliphate institution, which is one of the key concepts of Islamic political claim, is discussed. The question of whether this institution is a religious or cultural structure has been highlighted in this discussion. The second chapter focuses on the sources of 'the createdness of the Qurʾan', which is the subject of the mihna, and the reasons for the different approaches of religious schools in this discussion. In the third chapter, the letters of the caliph Me'mun are translated and analyzed and it is tried to find out what the caliph's expectation from the mihna is. Because it is clear that the academic world is confused about the reasons for the mihna. Our study aims to alleviate this confusion even partially. Keywords: Mihna, Ma'mun, Theology, İdeology, Createdness of The Qur'an