Shoot growth optimization on Turkısh red pine (Pinus brutia ten.) multiplied by direct organogenesis method

Pinus brutia Ten. is a coniferous and evergreen species from Pinaceae family and Pinales team. Covering an area of more than three million hectares in Turkey naturally, Pinus brutia Ten. accounts for approximately 25% of coniferous forests of Turkey and has been expanding its area very fast (OAE 1987, Kayacık 1965, Ozturk 2010). The purpose of this study was to develop in vitro (under laboratory conditions) young tree cultivation techniques in addition to breeding activities that are still ongoing and to contribute to the multiplication of superior genetic individuals that have been or will be obtained. In this respect, 4 experiments were undertaken. In the studies, the cotyledons that were taken from the germinated seeds were used as explants. In the experiments in which shoot development was examined, DCR (Douglas fir cotyledon revised medium) was used as a medium (Gupta and Durzan 1985). In the first experiment, GA3 (gibberellic acid) was applied in 5 different concentrations (0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.0mg/L, 4.0mg/L, 8.0mg/L) and the effect of such PGRs (plant growth regulators) on shoot development was examined and they were compared to explants on which GA3 wasn?t applied. It was determined that GA3 application caused negative results on shoot development and stopped shoot development. The highest shoot average was obtained from control group with 4.49. The effects of times of starting GA3 application on shoot growth were examined in the second study and the shoot developments were examined by transferring the explants from a nutritional environment with no PGR to a nutritional environment containing GA3 with delays of 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The highest shoot average was obtained from the group that was transferred with a delay of 2.26 to 9 weeks in this study. In the third study, on the other hand, the effects of different macro element amounts used in DCR nutritional environment (½, ¾ and control) on shoot development were examined. As a result of the study, the highest shoot average was obtained from control group with 6.80. Finally, it was examined whether use of casein hydrolysate has any effect on shoot development or not. According to ANOVA analyses of test results, there was no statistically significant difference between CH application and control group.In conclusion, when all of the tested applications were compared with control groups, it was observed that they weren?t effective on the shoot development.