Evaluation of clinical and biochemical data in patients hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis: A single center experience

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and biochemical data and treatments of our patients who were hospitalized and treated with diabetic ketoacidosis between 2016 and 2024. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective, cross-sectional study included 54 patients diagnosed with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) who applied to Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital between 2016-2024. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected using the automation system (Mergen Tech EBYS) used in Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital. SPSS 27.0 (Released 2020) statistical package program was used in the analysis of data. Findings: The mean age of patients with type 1 DM included in the study was 24.07±13.4, while the mean age of patients with type 2 DM was 50.56±13.1. 62.1% of patients with type 1 DM were female and 20.7% had comorbidities. Among patients with type 2 DM, 56% are women and 60% of them have comorbidities. The most common triggering factors for DKA were infections (51.7% in type 1 DM, 68% in type 2 DM) and non-compliance with treatment (48.2% in type 1 DM, 32% in type 2 DM). The frequency of urinary infections was found to be increased in patients with type 2 DM. When lipid parameters were examined, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. When the duration of ketoacidosis was examined, it was seen that the duration was 38.2±19.5 hours in patients with type 1 DM and 44.2±29.8 hours in patients with type 2 DM. The difference was not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the total insulin doses used during ketoacidosis treatment (87.9±64 units in type 1 DM patients and 154.2±131.1 units in type 2 DM patients). Conclusion: In our study, we observed that ketoacidosis may develop in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. The most important reasons that pave the way for ketoacidosis complications were the presence of infection and treatment noncompliance in both type 1 and type 2 DM patients. The total insulin doses and treatment durations required during treatment were similar in type 1 and type 2 diabetics, and all of our patients were discharged in stable condition with the treatments applied. Keywords: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, risk factors