Investigation of the effect of bismuth oxide nanoparticle addition to diesel fuel on engine parameters

There are many harmful emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. The presence of these emissions adversely affects human health and the environment. From past to present, various studies have been carried out to reduce these harmful emissions. Nowadays, alternative fuels are used to reduce exhaust emissions, increase engine performance and improve fuel properties. In this study, alternative fuels were obtained by adding 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm bismuth oxide nanoparticles into diesel fuel. The effects of the obtained alternative fuels on fuel properties, combustion parameters, engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated. Experimental study was carried out at 1500, 2000 and 2500 engine speeds and at 10, 15, 20 and 25 Nm engine loads. Cetane number, calorific value and viscosity increased with the use of bismuth oxide nanoparticle, but the density values did not change. The use of fuel with nanoparticles generally increased the ignition delay. While the combustion time of nanoparticle added fuel increased at low loads, the combustion time of diesel fuel was longer at high loads. It has been observed that the exhaust temperature of diesel fuel is higher than the fuel with nanoparticle additives at high loads. The nanoparticle addition to the diesel fuel decreased the specific fuel consumption and increased the thermal efficiency. Carbon dioxide and smoke emissions of fuels with nanoparticle additives were generally higher than diesel fuel. On the other hand, nitrogen oxide emissions were found to decrease with nanoparticle additives.