Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların Türkiye imalat sanayisindeki istihdama etkileri

This thesis studies the causal effects of foreign ownership on plant employment of varying degrees of FDI. I not only examine the employment effects of FDI inflows by using standard definition of FDI as is standard in the literature, but I also look into the possible differentiale effects of different levels of FDI and identify these effects at the 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent foreign ownership in plants, respectively. These effects are tested using plant-level data from Annual Manufacturing Industry Statistics on the Turkish Manufacturing industry. To control for the possible selection-bias, a difference-in-differences approach is combined with propensity score matching. The advantage of this method is that it allows observing the divergence in the paths of employment between the treated plants and the matched control plants. It is shown that foreign acquisition in Turkish manufacturing industry leads to a significant increase in employment in the acquired plants when the standard definition of FDI is used. The positive and statistically significant effects become visible in the acquisition year and continue in the subsequent periods. I find that after three years, the acquired plants outperform the control group in terms of employment by 21 percentage points. The significant positive employment effects are also observed when I only focus on the private establishments, excluding public establishments from the sample. The analysis also suggests that the positive employment effects occur together with increases in output and productivity. However, it is observed that as the dominance of foreign partners increases in foreign ownership percentages the employment effects of FDI inflows begin to decrease.