Effects of growing conditions of donor plants and different cold pretreatments on haploid plant regeneration from anthers of bread wheat

This study was conducted to determine the effects genotype, growing conditions of donor plants and duration of cold pretreatment on haploid plant regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestvmm L.) anther culture. In the study, the spikes from the plants of two bread wheat cultivars (Sen 82 and Genç 99) sown at different dates (15* October, 1st November, 15* November, 1st December and 15* December) under both Field and greenhouse conditions were cold pretreated at 4 °C for four different durations (0, 3, 6, 9 days). After cold pretreatment of spikes, athers were isolated from them and cultured on P2 medium. In the experiment, percentage of anthers produced callus or embryoid, numbers of regenerated plants, green plants as well as albino plants were determined. Results of the study showed that genotype was most important factor affecting plant regeneration from anthers of wheat Sowing donor plants later man 15* October under greenhouse conditions and later than 1st November under field conditions decreased the percentage of responding anthers. Cold pretreatment of 9 days gave the highest number of regenerated plants per 100 anthers (37.5 plants/100 anthers) in the anthers from spikes of the plants sown at 15th October under field conditions. Cold pretreatment of 6 days significantly increased the number of green plants regenerated per 100 anthers from the plants grown under field conditions, but did not from those grown under greenhouse conditions. The number of albino plants regenerated per 100 anthers was significantly influenced by combinations of factors studied. From the results of study, it was concluded that in order to effectively exploit the anther culture in the breeding program of wheat, growing conditions and duration of cold pretreatment should be determined for each genotype in the breeding program. KeyWords: Bread wheat, genotype, sowing date of donor plants, anther, cold pre-treatment