Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of four different adhesive materials in different time periods

ABSTRACT Aim: Cleaning of decay by traditional mechanical methods cannot ensure the complete elimination of microorganisms on the prepared cavity surfaces. In order to eliminate these microorganisms that cause secondary caries formation in time, some antibacterial agents are required. The aim of this study is to compare the antimicrobial activities of four different adhesive materials with antibacterial content, an adhesive agent without antibacterial content, and antibiogram disc impregnated with antibacterial effective vancomycin with disc diffusion method in different time periods. Material and Method: In our study, standard, lyophilized, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Lactobacillus acidophilus (RSKK 03037) strains were used. First stage; for Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans strains, they were cultivated in Brain-Heart Infusion broth, and Lactobacillus acidophilus strain in MRS Broth broth and incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 hours in CO2 oven. Bacterial colonies passaged on solid media were taken with sterile swabs and bacterial suspensions in 3 ml FTS and 0.5 McFarland turbidity (1.5x108 CFU/ml) were prepared. Bacteria from sterile swabs from these solutions spread to all surfaces of agar solid plates. In the second stage of our study; Clearfil SE Protect Bond Primer, Gluma 2 Bond, Peak Universal Bond, FL Bond II and Clearfil SE Bond adhesive agents were impregnated on standard, 5mm diameter, sterile and empty antibiogram discs, respectively, in 30 microliter amounts. Antibiogram discs impregnated with 30mg Vancomycin were used as the control group. The prepared discs were placed on agar plates at 2.5-3cm intervals, with 4 different adhesive agents and two control groups in each petri dish. The same procedures were repeated in 10 separate petri dishes for each microorganism. The antibacterial effects of the adhesive agents used at 24 and 48 hours were evaluated, and bacterial inhibition zone diameters were measured. 4 In this study, where the mean and standard deviation are given as descriptive statistics; conformity of continuous variables to normality distribution assumption was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnow Test, and homogeneity was evaluated by Levene Test. One-Way Analysis of Variance (One Way ANOVA) was used for comparing the differences between means of independent groups, and Bonferroni Test was used for multiple comparisons between groups. Results: It was determined that Clearfil SE Protect Bond Primer was the adhesive with the highest antibacterial activity and was most effective against Streptococcus mutans microorganism together with the control group. While Clearfil SE Bond material did not show any antibacterial effect against the microorganisms used, it was determined that other materials exhibited the highest antibacterial effect against E.faecalis microorganisms in both measurement periods. Although not statistically significant, the antibacterial effects of all adhesive agents used at the 48th hour were found to be higher than at the 24th hour. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study; the strongest antibacterial effect of Clearfil SE Protect Bond on all three bacteria has highlighted its use as an adhesive agent in cavitated enamel and dentin caries. Also, it was concluded that it is important to use antibacterial adhesives in the treatment of tooth decay because the Clearfil SE Bond adhesive, which constitutes the negative control group of the study, did not show antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Key words: Adhesive agents, Antibacterial effect, Disc diffusion method