Structural problems of foreign trade, the effects of these problems on the activities of firms: Malatya case

Structural Problems of Foreign Trade, The Effects of These Problems on The Activities of Firms: Malatya Case Foreign trade is one of the most important income sources of the countries in terms of providing foreign currency input. Foreign trade takes place among companies in different geographies. This case causes various structural problems. These structural problems affect countries differently according to the development level of them. In this study, the structural problems of foreign trade in Malatya were tried to be determined and solutions were proposed by applying a questionnaire to 50 companies from 75 foreign trade companies engaged in active production and trade registered in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Malatya province in 2018. IBM SPSS 24 program was used during the analysis of the survey application. In the study, four factors were determined and it was tried to determine whether these factors were highly correlated with Varimax Rotation technique. In the study, it was tested whether Bartlett's correlation matrix with the Globalization test was sufficient to perform factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α) was used to determine the internal consistency of the measurement and to demonstrate homogeneity in the measurement. In order to determine the findings related to the hypotheses, T-test, (One Way) ANOVA and Multiple Linear Regression analyzes were used to analyze the distribution of variables by factors, their significance levels and effects, and the results were interpreted. In the literature review of this study, it was found that the below factors which are similar to the problems that we found in our survey study. In our survey, It has been observed that especially the structural problems of foreign trade which are exchange risk, payment methods, dependency on imports, exchange rate policies, restrictive provisions of the Customs Union Agreement, bureaucratic obstacles, quota and tax practices, lack of qualified personnel, financing problem and foreign trade deficit problem which show up as a result of these problems, are distinct and dominant. Key Words: Foreign Trade, Structural Problems of Foreign Trade, Export, Import