The problem of excess in cleaning and complementary interventions in the protection of wall paintings

Wall paintings are important historical artifacts that are part of our cultural heritage and for which we bear the responsibility of transmitting their original form to future generations. In their conservation, cleaning interventions, which usually follow documentation, analysis, and consolidation processes, are carried out to achieve the closest possible appearance to the original. However, in some cases, new and vibrant appearances may emerge, potentially damaging the historical texture. Interventions made primarily for improving aesthetic appearance and legibility (such as cleaning, completion, etc.) can directly affect the value of authenticity. Authenticity is an essential characteristic that proves the meaning, reality, value, and integrity of a cultural heritage item. Aesthetic practices are also significant processes that impact the iconographic readability and holistic approach of the artwork. However, these positive intentions behind restoration interventions often lead to irreversible changes. Therefore, before any intervention, all evaluation reports and analyses must be thoroughly reviewed to make well-informed decisions. Cleaning interventions are especially delicate in this context, as they need to be carried out without damaging the authenticity of the work. Detailed examination and analysis of the wall painting's surface should identify the original layer(s) that need to be preserved. Otherwise, interventions made with the aim of cleaning may inevitably damage the original layers or alter the artistic appearance of the original surface. Cleaning has significant effects on the aesthetic appearance of the artwork. It is also crucial in improving readability. However, when excessive cleaning interventions are considered, they can create misleading effects on readability and result in a new and vibrant form emerging in the aesthetic appearance. Completion interventions, similarly, are processes carried out with the aim of bringing the artwork's original character back to life. However, these interventions, too, can change the original texture of the artwork and require careful analysis and meticulous work. In some cases, layers on the surface of the artwork, considered as deterioration layers, hold historical significance and document the events the artwork has undergone to reach its current state. In short, interventions made solely for the sake of a satisfying new and bright appearance such as cleaning or restoration remain a subject of ongoing debate among experts today. This study addresses the issues related to excessive cleaning interventions, their variables, and their negative effects on the artwork. KEYWORDS: Conservation, Excess in Cleaning, Excess in Restoration, Authenticity and Aesthetics