The mineralogical characteristics and the physicochemical properties of the epithermal solutions in association with structural control in efemçukuru gold deposit

The Efemçukuru Gold Mine operated by Tüprag Metal Madencilik, is located at approximately 25 km southwest of Izmir. Project area is located at the Seferihisar Horst which is bounded with major faults named as Orhanlı at the East and Seferihisar at the West part of the uplift. Alkali rhyolitic dykes, which are members of Cumaovasi volcanics are mostly West-Northwest oriented and dipping 35-55 degrees to North- Northeast. The other group of dykes are oriented to Northwest and dipping 60 degrees to Northeast. The Efemçukuru hydrothermal vein type Au-Ag mineralisations; occurred by parallel and sub-parallel oriented NE-SW direction consist of three separate veins. These are named as Kestanebeleni, Kokarpınar and Batı veins. In this thesis focus on, the mineralogical properties of Kestanebeleni Vein System operated by underground mining method, physico-chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids and related structural control will be discussed. The Multiphase mineralized of Kestanebeleni Vein System hosted by NW-SE trending fault system dipping to NE between 45 to 65 degrees. The System localized between the west-NW trending rhyolitic dykes. Vein system is divided into ore shoots depending on its geometry, mineralogy and geochemical properties. This study aims to reveal the relations between the physico-chemical properties of hydrothermal solutions and structurally controlled ore formation and at same time gold grade distributions. During the study, detailed geological and structural maps were produced from underground development and production areas. All of the vein phases of mineralization were classified and textures were determined. In order to identify the mineralogical and physico-chemical properties, fluid inclusion, ore microscopy and electron microscopy studies were performed. Kestanebeleni mineralization is an epithermal vein system developed under the control of intersection-linkage of structures and fault ramps due to progressive deformation and fault segmentations under structural control. In addition, gold grade distribution and continuity along the the lateral and horizontal direction which is based on the changing and stabilitation of the physico-chemical condition of the epithermal fluids with controlled by structures.